The human mind’s ability to daydream—drifting into spontaneous thoughts and fantasies—has always been fascinating.
This wandering of the mind, often effortless, can spark creativity and deep reflection.
Now, researchers at the University of Arizona are exploring how to enhance this very ability through innovative technology.
In a groundbreaking study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, scientists have employed a low-intensity ultrasound technique to alter a brain region linked to daydreaming, memory recall, and future planning.
This advancement could significantly boost mindfulness, marking a notable step forward in neuroscience.
The technology, known as transcranial-focused ultrasound (TFUS), targets the brain’s default mode network—a system of interconnected regions active during introspection and mind-wandering. Brian Lord, the lead researcher and postdoctoral fellow in the U of A’s Department of Psychology, explains, “We’re the first to demonstrate that we can directly and noninvasively modulate the default mode network.”
One crucial part of this network is the posterior cingulate cortex, which plays a vital role in how we interpret experiences and form personal narratives.
While this ability is essential for creating a coherent self-concept, it can sometimes hinder present-moment awareness.
For example, during meditation, it might lead to rumination or negative thoughts.
To address this, Lord’s team used TFUS to stimulate the posterior cingulate cortex with precise, low-intensity ultrasound. Unlike other non-invasive methods, TFUS penetrates beyond the brain’s outer cortex, achieving significant effects with just five minutes of stimulation.
The study involved 30 participants who received TFUS targeting the posterior cingulate cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers monitored changes in brain activity and participants’ experiences before and after the treatment.
Results showed that TFUS reduced connectivity within the default mode network and influenced participants’ mindfulness, self-perception, and sense of time. “The beauty of TFUS is that it uses minimal energy to modify brain activity. It’s like giving the brain a gentle nudge,” Lord notes.
This technology’s ability to precisely target and alter brain networks opens exciting possibilities for precision therapeutics—treatments customized to individual characteristics. TFUS may also pave the way for new approaches to treating mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. As Lord points out, “Unlike neuroimaging, which only correlates brain activity, non-invasive tools like TFUS let us probe the brain and establish causal relationships. That’s a game-changer for neuroscience.”
Materials provided by University of Arizona.
